ARTICLES
Zixu Sa1, Fengjing Liu1, Dong Liu1, Mingxu Wang1, Jie Zhang1, Yanxue Yin1, Zhiyong Pang1, , Xinming Zhuang1, Peng Wang2, and Zaixing Yang1,
Corresponding author: Zhiyong Pang, pang@sdu.edu.cn; Peng Wang, phywangp@sdust.edu.cn; Zaixing Yang, zaixyang@sdu.edu.cn
Abstract: High-quality narrow bandgap semiconductors nanowires (NWs) challenge the flexible near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors in next-generation imaging, data communication, environmental monitoring, and bioimaging applications. In this work, complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible metal of Ag is deposited on glass as the growth catalyst for the surfactant-assisted chemical vapor deposition of GaSb NWs. The uniform morphology, balance stoichiometry, high-quality crystallinity, and phase purity of as-prepared NWs are checked by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The electrical properties of as-prepared NWs are studied by constructing back-gated field-effect-transistors, displaying a high Ion/Ioff ratio of 104 and high peak hole mobility of 400 cm2/(V·s). Benefiting from the excellent electrical and mechanical flexibility properties, the as-fabricated NW flexible NIR photodetector exhibits high sensitivity and excellent photoresponse, with responsivity as high as 618 A/W and detectivity as high as 6.7 × 1010 Jones. Furthermore, there is no obvious decline in NIR photodetection behavior, even after parallel and perpendicular folding with 1200 cycles.
Key words: near-infrared photodetector, flexible, GaSb nanowires, CMOS-compatible catalyst
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Zuo X R, Li Z Y, Wong W W, et al. Design of InAs nanosheet arrays with ultrawide polarization-independent high absorption for infrared photodetection. Appl Phys Lett, 2022, 120, 071109 doi: 10.1063/5.0066507
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Zhong Z Q, Li X L, Wu J, et al. Wavelength-tunable InAsP quantum dots in InP nanowires. Appl Phys Lett, 2019, 115, 053101 doi: 10.1063/1.5095675
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Ji X H, Yang X G, Yang T. Self-catalyzed growth of vertical GaSb nanowires on InAs stems by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Nanoscale Res Lett, 2017, 12, 428 doi: 10.1186/s11671-017-2207-5
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Jeppsson M, Dick K A, Nilsson H A, et al. Characterization of GaSb nanowires grown by MOVPE. J Cryst Growth, 2008, 310, 5119 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.07.061
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Yin Y X, Guo Y N, Liu D, et al. Substrate-free chemical vapor deposition of large-scale Ⅲ-Ⅴ nanowires for high-performance transistors and broad-spectrum photodetectors. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10, 2102291 doi: 10.1002/adom.202102291
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Yang Z X, Han N, Fang M, et al. Surfactant-assisted chemical vapour deposition of high-performance small-diameter GaSb nanowires. Nat Commun, 2014, 5, 5249 doi: 10.1038/ncomms6249
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Yang Z X, Yin Y X, Sun J M, et al. Chalcogen passivation: an in-situ method to manipulate the morphology and electrical property of GaAs nanowires. Sci Rep, 2018, 8, 6928 doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25209-x
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Yang Z X, Liu L Z, Yip S, et al. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible, high-mobility, 111-oriented GaSb nanowires enabled by vapor-solid-solid chemical vapor deposition. ACS Nano, 2017, 11, 4237 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01217
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Sun J M, Peng M, Zhang Y S, et al. Ultrahigh hole mobility of Sn-catalyzed GaSb nanowires for high speed infrared photodetectors. Nano Lett, 2019, 19, 5920 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01503
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Han N, Wang Y, Yang Z X, et al. Controllable Ⅲ-Ⅴ nanowire growth via catalyst epitaxy. J Mater Chem C, 2017, 5, 4393 doi: 10.1039/C7TC00900C
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Luo T, Liang B, Liu Z, et al. Single-GaSb-nanowire-based room temperature photodetectors with broad spectral response. Sci Bull, 2015, 60, 101 doi: 10.1007/s11434-014-0687-6
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Zhang K, Chai R Q, Shi R L, et al. Self-catalyzed growth of GaSb nanowires for high performance ultraviolet-visible-near infrared photodetectors. Sci China Mater, 2019, 63, 383 doi: 10.1007/s40843-019-1189-7
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Sun J M, Zhuang X M, Fan Y B, et al. Toward unusual-high hole mobility of p-channel field-effect-transistors. Small, 2021, 17, 2102323 doi: 10.1002/smll.202102323
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Liu D, Liu F J, Liu Y, et al. Schottky-contacted high-performance GaSb nanowires photodetectors enabled by lead-free all-inorganic perovskites decoration. Small, 2022, 18, 2200415 doi: 10.1002/smll.202200415
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Miao J S, Hu W D, Guo N, et al. Single InAs nanowire room-temperature near-infrared photodetectors. ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 3628 doi: 10.1021/nn500201g
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Al-Zahrani S, Pal J, Migliorato M A, et al. Piezoelectric field enhancement in III-V core–shell nanowires. Nano Energy, 2015, 14, 382 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.046
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Holmer J, Zeng L, Kanne T, et al. Enhancing the nir photocurrent in single GaAs nanowires with radial p-i-n junctions by uniaxial strain. Nano Lett, 2021, 21, 9038 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02468
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Ford A C, Ho J C, Chueh Y L, et al. Diameter-dependent electron mobility of InAs nanowires. Nano Lett, 2009, 9, 360 doi: 10.1021/nl803154m
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Burke R A, Weng X J, Kuo M W, et al. Growth and characterization of unintentionally doped GaSb nanowires. J Electron Mater, 2010, 39, 355 doi: 10.1007/s11664-010-1140-5
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Kranzer D. Mobility of holes of zinc-blende III-V and II-VI compounds. Phys Status Solidi A, 1974, 26, 11 doi: 10.1002/pssa.2210260102
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Jie J S, Zhang W J, Jiang Y, at al. Photoconductive characteristics of single-crystal CdS nanoribbons. Nano Lett, 2006, 6, 1887 doi: 10.1021/nl060867g
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| [38] |
Fang H H, Hu W D, Wang P, et al. Visible light-assisted high-performance mid-infrared photodetectors based on single InAs nanowire. Nano Lett, 2016, 16, 6416 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02860
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Kind H, Yan H Q, Messer B, et al. Nanowire ultraviolet photodetectors and optical switches. Adv Mater, 2002, 14, 158 doi: 10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<158::AID-ADMA158>3.0.CO;2-W
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Liu X, Gu L L, Zhang Q P, et al. All-printable band-edge modulated ZnO nanowire photodetectors with ultra-high detectivity. Nat Commun, 2014, 5, 4007 doi: 10.1038/ncomms5007
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Zheng D S, Wang J L, Hu W D, et al. When nanowires meet ultrahigh ferroelectric field-high-performance full-depleted nanowire photodetectors. Nano Lett, 2016, 16, 2548 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00104
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Liu L, Wu L M, Wang A W, et al. Ferroelectric-gated InSe photodetectors with high on/off ratios and photoresponsivity. Nano Lett, 2020, 20, 6666 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02448
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Ren Z H, Wang P, Zhang K, et al. Short-wave near-infrared polarization sensitive photodetector based on GaSb nanowire. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2021, 42, 549 doi: 10.1109/LED.2021.3061705
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| [44] |
Zhang K, Ren Z H, Cao H C, et al. Near-infrared polarimetric image sensors based on ordered sulfur-passivation GaSb nanowire arrays. ACS Nano, 2022, 16, 8128 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01455
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| [45] |
Liu Z, Chen G, Liang B, et al. Fabrication of high-quality ZnTe nanowires toward high-performance rigid/flexible visible-light photodetectors. Opt Express, 2013, 21, 7799 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.007799
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Yao Y, Huang W, Chen J H, et al. Flexible complementary circuits operating at sub-0.5V via hybrid organic-inorganic electrolyte-gated transistors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2021, 118, 44 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2111790118
|
Table 1. Photodetection performance comparison of GaSb NW photodetector.
| GaSb NW | Devices substrate | Photodetection wavelength (nm) | Vds (V) | R (A/W) | D (Jones) | Response time (ms) | Ref. |
| Single | Hard | 1550 | 0.1 | 851 | 8.5 × 1010 | 11/16 | This work |
| Flexible | 1550 | 0.1 | 618 | 6.7 × 1010 | – | ||
| Single | Hard | 800 | 2 | 443 | 2.8 × 109 | 80/90 | [27] |
| Single | Hard | 808 | 5 | 722 | 5.9 × 1012 | 8700 | [28] |
| Flexible | 808 | 5 | – | 4.9 × 1012 | – | ||
| Single | Hard | 1550 | 1 | 77.3 | 1.2 × 1010 | – | [43] |
| Single | Hard | 1310 | 1 | 1600 | 5.7 × 109 | 4.5/12 | [21] |
| Single | Hard | 1550 | 1 | 61 | 8.7 × 107 | 0.195/0.38 | [25] |
| Single | Hard | 1550 | 1 | 939 | 1.1 × 1011 | 50/900 | [44] |
DownLoad: CSV
| [1] |
Ran W H, Wang L L, Zhao S F, et al. An integrated flexible all-nanowire infrared sensing system with record photosensitivity. Adv Mater, 2022, 32, 1908419 doi: 10.1002/adma.201908419
|
| [2] |
Wei S L, Wang F, Zou X M, et al. Flexible quasi-2D perovskite/IGZO phototransistors for ultrasensitive and broadband photodetection. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 1907527 doi: 10.1002/adma.201907527
|
| [3] |
Li Z Y, Trendafilov S, Zhang F L, et al. Broadband GaAsSb nanowire array photodetectors for filter-free multispectral imaging. Nano Lett, 2021, 21, 7388 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02777
|
| [4] |
Yip S, Shen L F, Ho J C. Recent advances in flexible photodetectors based on 1D nanostructures. J Semicond, 2019, 40, 111602 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/11/111602
|
| [5] |
Xie C, Yan F. Flexible photodetectors based on novel functional materials. Small 2017, 13, 1701, 822 doi: 10.1002/smll.201701822
|
| [6] |
Lou Z, Shen G Z. Flexible photodetectors based on 1D inorganic nanostructures. Adv Sci, 2016, 3, 1500287 doi: 10.1002/advs.201500287
|
| [7] |
Li P, Hao Q Y, Liu J D, et al. Flexible photodetectors based on all-solution-processed Cu electrodes and InSe nanoflakes with high stabilities. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 32, 2108261 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202108261
|
| [8] |
Li J, Wang Z X, Chu J W, et al. Oriented layered Bi2O2Se nanowire arrays for ultrasensitive photodetectors. Appl Phys Lett, 2019, 114, 151104 doi: 10.1063/1.5094192
|
| [9] |
Wu D J, Zhou H, Song Z H, et al. Welding perovskite nanowires for stable, sensitive, flexible photodetectors. ACS Nano, 2020, 14, 2777 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09315
|
| [10] |
Tao J Y, Xiao Z J, Wang J F, et al. A self-powered, flexible photodetector based on perovskite nanowires with Ni-Al electrodes. J Alloys Compd, 2020, 845, 155311 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155311
|
| [11] |
Lou Z, Yang X L, Chen H R, et al. Flexible ultraviolet photodetectors based on ZnO–SnO2 heterojunction nanowire arrays. J Semicond, 2018, 39, 024002 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/2/024002
|
| [12] |
Li D P, Yip S, Li F Z, et al. Flexible near-infrared InGaSb nanowire array detectors with ultrafast photoconductive response below 20 μs. Adv Opt Mater, 2020, 8, 2001201 doi: 10.1002/adom.202001201
|
| [13] |
Rezaei M, Bianconi S, Lauhon L, et al. A new approach to designing high-sensitivity low-dimensional photodetectors. Nano Lett, 2021, 21, 9838 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03665
|
| [14] |
Barrigon E, Heurlin M, Bi Z, et al. Synthesis and applications of III-V nanowires. Chem Rev, 2019, 119, 9170 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00075
|
| [15] |
Yuan X M, Pan D, Zhou Y J, et al. Selective area epitaxy of III–V nanostructure arrays and networks: growth, applications, and future directions. Appl Phys Rev, 2021, 8, 021302 doi: 10.1063/5.0044706
|
| [16] |
Zuo X R, Li Z Y, Wong W W, et al. Design of InAs nanosheet arrays with ultrawide polarization-independent high absorption for infrared photodetection. Appl Phys Lett, 2022, 120, 071109 doi: 10.1063/5.0066507
|
| [17] |
Zhong Z Q, Li X L, Wu J, et al. Wavelength-tunable InAsP quantum dots in InP nanowires. Appl Phys Lett, 2019, 115, 053101 doi: 10.1063/1.5095675
|
| [18] |
Ji X H, Yang X G, Yang T. Self-catalyzed growth of vertical GaSb nanowires on InAs stems by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Nanoscale Res Lett, 2017, 12, 428 doi: 10.1186/s11671-017-2207-5
|
| [19] |
Wen L J, Pan D, Liao D X, et al. Foreign-catalyst-free GaSb nanowires directly grown on cleaved Si substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Nanotechnology, 2020, 31, 155601 doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5d78
|
| [20] |
Jeppsson M, Dick K A, Nilsson H A, et al. Characterization of GaSb nanowires grown by MOVPE. J Cryst Growth, 2008, 310, 5119 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.07.061
|
| [21] |
Yin Y X, Guo Y N, Liu D, et al. Substrate-free chemical vapor deposition of large-scale Ⅲ-Ⅴ nanowires for high-performance transistors and broad-spectrum photodetectors. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10, 2102291 doi: 10.1002/adom.202102291
|
| [22] |
Yang Z X, Han N, Fang M, et al. Surfactant-assisted chemical vapour deposition of high-performance small-diameter GaSb nanowires. Nat Commun, 2014, 5, 5249 doi: 10.1038/ncomms6249
|
| [23] |
Yang Z X, Yin Y X, Sun J M, et al. Chalcogen passivation: an in-situ method to manipulate the morphology and electrical property of GaAs nanowires. Sci Rep, 2018, 8, 6928 doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25209-x
|
| [24] |
Yang Z X, Liu L Z, Yip S, et al. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible, high-mobility, 111-oriented GaSb nanowires enabled by vapor-solid-solid chemical vapor deposition. ACS Nano, 2017, 11, 4237 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01217
|
| [25] |
Sun J M, Peng M, Zhang Y S, et al. Ultrahigh hole mobility of Sn-catalyzed GaSb nanowires for high speed infrared photodetectors. Nano Lett, 2019, 19, 5920 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01503
|
| [26] |
Han N, Wang Y, Yang Z X, et al. Controllable Ⅲ-Ⅴ nanowire growth via catalyst epitaxy. J Mater Chem C, 2017, 5, 4393 doi: 10.1039/C7TC00900C
|
| [27] |
Luo T, Liang B, Liu Z, et al. Single-GaSb-nanowire-based room temperature photodetectors with broad spectral response. Sci Bull, 2015, 60, 101 doi: 10.1007/s11434-014-0687-6
|
| [28] |
Zhang K, Chai R Q, Shi R L, et al. Self-catalyzed growth of GaSb nanowires for high performance ultraviolet-visible-near infrared photodetectors. Sci China Mater, 2019, 63, 383 doi: 10.1007/s40843-019-1189-7
|
| [29] |
Sun J M, Zhuang X M, Fan Y B, et al. Toward unusual-high hole mobility of p-channel field-effect-transistors. Small, 2021, 17, 2102323 doi: 10.1002/smll.202102323
|
| [30] |
Liu D, Liu F J, Liu Y, et al. Schottky-contacted high-performance GaSb nanowires photodetectors enabled by lead-free all-inorganic perovskites decoration. Small, 2022, 18, 2200415 doi: 10.1002/smll.202200415
|
| [31] |
Miao J S, Hu W D, Guo N, et al. Single InAs nanowire room-temperature near-infrared photodetectors. ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 3628 doi: 10.1021/nn500201g
|
| [32] |
Al-Zahrani S, Pal J, Migliorato M A, et al. Piezoelectric field enhancement in III-V core–shell nanowires. Nano Energy, 2015, 14, 382 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.046
|
| [33] |
Holmer J, Zeng L, Kanne T, et al. Enhancing the nir photocurrent in single GaAs nanowires with radial p-i-n junctions by uniaxial strain. Nano Lett, 2021, 21, 9038 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02468
|
| [34] |
Ford A C, Ho J C, Chueh Y L, et al. Diameter-dependent electron mobility of InAs nanowires. Nano Lett, 2009, 9, 360 doi: 10.1021/nl803154m
|
| [35] |
Burke R A, Weng X J, Kuo M W, et al. Growth and characterization of unintentionally doped GaSb nanowires. J Electron Mater, 2010, 39, 355 doi: 10.1007/s11664-010-1140-5
|
| [36] |
Kranzer D. Mobility of holes of zinc-blende III-V and II-VI compounds. Phys Status Solidi A, 1974, 26, 11 doi: 10.1002/pssa.2210260102
|
| [37] |
Jie J S, Zhang W J, Jiang Y, at al. Photoconductive characteristics of single-crystal CdS nanoribbons. Nano Lett, 2006, 6, 1887 doi: 10.1021/nl060867g
|
| [38] |
Fang H H, Hu W D, Wang P, et al. Visible light-assisted high-performance mid-infrared photodetectors based on single InAs nanowire. Nano Lett, 2016, 16, 6416 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02860
|
| [39] |
Kind H, Yan H Q, Messer B, et al. Nanowire ultraviolet photodetectors and optical switches. Adv Mater, 2002, 14, 158 doi: 10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<158::AID-ADMA158>3.0.CO;2-W
|
| [40] |
Liu X, Gu L L, Zhang Q P, et al. All-printable band-edge modulated ZnO nanowire photodetectors with ultra-high detectivity. Nat Commun, 2014, 5, 4007 doi: 10.1038/ncomms5007
|
| [41] |
Zheng D S, Wang J L, Hu W D, et al. When nanowires meet ultrahigh ferroelectric field-high-performance full-depleted nanowire photodetectors. Nano Lett, 2016, 16, 2548 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00104
|
| [42] |
Liu L, Wu L M, Wang A W, et al. Ferroelectric-gated InSe photodetectors with high on/off ratios and photoresponsivity. Nano Lett, 2020, 20, 6666 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02448
|
| [43] |
Ren Z H, Wang P, Zhang K, et al. Short-wave near-infrared polarization sensitive photodetector based on GaSb nanowire. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2021, 42, 549 doi: 10.1109/LED.2021.3061705
|
| [44] |
Zhang K, Ren Z H, Cao H C, et al. Near-infrared polarimetric image sensors based on ordered sulfur-passivation GaSb nanowire arrays. ACS Nano, 2022, 16, 8128 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01455
|
| [45] |
Liu Z, Chen G, Liang B, et al. Fabrication of high-quality ZnTe nanowires toward high-performance rigid/flexible visible-light photodetectors. Opt Express, 2013, 21, 7799 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.007799
|
| [46] |
Yao Y, Huang W, Chen J H, et al. Flexible complementary circuits operating at sub-0.5V via hybrid organic-inorganic electrolyte-gated transistors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2021, 118, 44 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2111790118
|
Article views: 1951 Times PDF downloads: 98 Times Cited by: 0 Times
Received: 13 May 2022 Revised: 09 June 2022 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 12 August 2022Uncorrected proof: 15 August 2022Published: 01 November 2022
| Citation: |
Zixu Sa, Fengjing Liu, Dong Liu, Mingxu Wang, Jie Zhang, Yanxue Yin, Zhiyong Pang, Xinming Zhuang, Peng Wang, Zaixing Yang. Ag-catalyzed GaSb nanowires for flexible near-infrared photodetectors[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(11): 112302. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/11/112302
****
Z X Sa, F J Liu, D Liu, M X Wang, J Zhang, Y X Yin, Z Y Pang, X M Zhuang, P Wang, Z X Yang. Ag-catalyzed GaSb nanowires for flexible near-infrared photodetectors[J]. J. Semicond, 2022, 43(11): 112302. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/11/112302
|
| [1] |
Ran W H, Wang L L, Zhao S F, et al. An integrated flexible all-nanowire infrared sensing system with record photosensitivity. Adv Mater, 2022, 32, 1908419 doi: 10.1002/adma.201908419
|
| [2] |
Wei S L, Wang F, Zou X M, et al. Flexible quasi-2D perovskite/IGZO phototransistors for ultrasensitive and broadband photodetection. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 1907527 doi: 10.1002/adma.201907527
|
| [3] |
Li Z Y, Trendafilov S, Zhang F L, et al. Broadband GaAsSb nanowire array photodetectors for filter-free multispectral imaging. Nano Lett, 2021, 21, 7388 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02777
|
| [4] |
Yip S, Shen L F, Ho J C. Recent advances in flexible photodetectors based on 1D nanostructures. J Semicond, 2019, 40, 111602 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/11/111602
|
| [5] |
Xie C, Yan F. Flexible photodetectors based on novel functional materials. Small 2017, 13, 1701, 822 doi: 10.1002/smll.201701822
|
| [6] |
Lou Z, Shen G Z. Flexible photodetectors based on 1D inorganic nanostructures. Adv Sci, 2016, 3, 1500287 doi: 10.1002/advs.201500287
|
| [7] |
Li P, Hao Q Y, Liu J D, et al. Flexible photodetectors based on all-solution-processed Cu electrodes and InSe nanoflakes with high stabilities. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 32, 2108261 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202108261
|
| [8] |
Li J, Wang Z X, Chu J W, et al. Oriented layered Bi2O2Se nanowire arrays for ultrasensitive photodetectors. Appl Phys Lett, 2019, 114, 151104 doi: 10.1063/1.5094192
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