GIWAXS: A powerful tool for perovskite photovoltaics

Chenyue Wang; Chuantian Zuo; Qi Chen; Liming Ding

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/6/060201

J. Semicond. > 2021, Volume 42?>?Issue 6?> 060201

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

GIWAXS: A powerful tool for perovskite photovoltaics

Chenyue Wang¹, Chuantian Zuo², Qi Chen^1, and Liming Ding^2,

+ Author Affiliations

1. MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

Author Bio:

Chenyue Wang got his BS from University of Science and Technology Beijing in 2018. Now he is a MS student at Beijing Institute of Technology under the supervision of Professor Qi Chen. His research focuses on perovskite solar cells.

Chuantian Zuo received his PhD in 2018 from National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (CAS) under the supervision of Professor Liming Ding. Then he did postdoctoral research at CSIRO, Australia. Currently, he is an assistant professor in Liming Ding Group. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices.

Qi Chen holds BS and MS degrees of Tsinghua University, and received his PhD degree from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). In 2013–2016, he worked as a postdoc at California Nanosystem Institute (CNSI), UCLA. Now he is a full professor at Beijing Institute of Technology. His research focuses on hybrid materials design, processing and applications in optoelectronics.

Liming Ding got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Ingan?s Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on functional materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editors for Science Bulletin and Journal of Semiconductors.

Corresponding author: Qi Chen, qic@bit.edu.cn; Liming Ding, ding@nanoctr.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/6/060201

References

[1]	Yoo J J, Seo G, Chua M R, et al. Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management. Nature, 2021, 590, 587 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03285-w
[2]	Schlipf J, Müller-Buschbaum P. Structure of organometal halide perovskite films as determined with grazing-incidence X-ray scattering methods. Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7, 1700131 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201700131
[3]	Rivnay J, Mannsfeld S C B, Miller C E, et al. Quantitative determination of organic semiconductor microstructure from the molecular to device scale. Chem Rev, 2012, 112, 5488 doi: 10.1021/cr3001109
[4]	Richter L J, DeLongchamp D M, Amassian A. Morphology development in solution-processed functional organic blend films: An in situ viewpoint. Chem Rev, 2017, 117, 6332 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00618
[5]	Chen A Z, Shiu M, Ma J H, et al. Origin of vertical orientation in two-dimensional metal halide perovskites and its effect on photovoltaic performance. Nat Commun, 2018, 9, 1336 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03757-0
[6]	Chen A Z, Shiu M, Deng X, et al. Understanding the formation of vertical orientation in two-dimensional metal halide perovskite thin films. Chem Mater, 2019, 31, 1336 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04531
[7]	Quintero-Bermudez R, Gold-Parker A, Proppe A H, et al. Compositional and orientational control in metal halide perovskites of reduced dimensionality. Nat Mater, 2018, 17, 900 doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0154-x
[8]	Zheng G, Zhu C, Ma J, et al. Manipulation of facet orientation in hybrid perovskite polycrystalline films by cation cascade. Nat Commun, 2018, 9, 2793 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05076-w
[9]	Zhu C, Niu X, Fu Y, et al. Strain engineering in perovskite solar cells and its impacts on carrier dynamics. Nat Commun, 2019, 10, 815 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08507-4
[10]	Wang H, Zhu C, Liu L, et al. Interfacial residual stress relaxation in perovskite solar cells with improved stability. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1904408 doi: 10.1002/adma.201904408
[11]	Munir R, Sheikh A D, Abdelsamie M, et al. Hybrid perovskite thin-film photovoltaics: In situ diagnostics and importance of the precursor solvate phases. Adv Mater, 2017, 29, 1604113 doi: 10.1002/adma.201604113
[12]	Wang K, Tang M C, Dang H X, et al. Kinetic stabilization of the sol–gel state in perovskites enables facile processing of high-efficiency solar cells. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1808357 doi: 10.1002/adma.201808357
[13]	Dang H X, Wang K, Ghasemi M, et al. Multi-cation synergy suppresses phase segregation in mixed-halide perovskites. Joule, 2019, 3, 1746 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.05.016
[14]	Yang J, Siempelkamp B D, Liu D, et al. Investigation of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ degradation rates and mechanisms in controlled humidity environments using in situ techniques. ACS Nano, 2015, 9, 1955 doi: 10.1021/nn506864k
[15]	Fransishyn K M, Kundu S, Kelly T L. Elucidating the failure mechanisms of perovskite solar cells in humid environments using in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3, 2127 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01300

Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Schematic diagram of GIWAXS and GISAXS. Reproduced with permission^[2], Copyright 2017, John Wiley & Sons Inc. (b) Schematic diagram of the formation of vertically orientated 2D perovskite. Reproduced with permission^[5], Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group. (c) Gradient strain at different depths in perovskite layer. Reproduced with permission^[9], Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group. (d) Time-resolved GIWAXS for precursor films with and without K⁺ during spin-coating. Reproduced with permission^[13], Copyright 2019, Elsevier Inc. (e) Humidity control set-up. (f) Time-dependence for MAPbI₃ (110) peak area and device performance parameters. (e) and (f), reproduced with permission^[15], Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.

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[1]	Yoo J J, Seo G, Chua M R, et al. Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management. Nature, 2021, 590, 587 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03285-w
[2]	Schlipf J, Müller-Buschbaum P. Structure of organometal halide perovskite films as determined with grazing-incidence X-ray scattering methods. Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7, 1700131 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201700131
[3]	Rivnay J, Mannsfeld S C B, Miller C E, et al. Quantitative determination of organic semiconductor microstructure from the molecular to device scale. Chem Rev, 2012, 112, 5488 doi: 10.1021/cr3001109
[4]	Richter L J, DeLongchamp D M, Amassian A. Morphology development in solution-processed functional organic blend films: An in situ viewpoint. Chem Rev, 2017, 117, 6332 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00618
[5]	Chen A Z, Shiu M, Ma J H, et al. Origin of vertical orientation in two-dimensional metal halide perovskites and its effect on photovoltaic performance. Nat Commun, 2018, 9, 1336 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03757-0
[6]	Chen A Z, Shiu M, Deng X, et al. Understanding the formation of vertical orientation in two-dimensional metal halide perovskite thin films. Chem Mater, 2019, 31, 1336 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04531
[7]	Quintero-Bermudez R, Gold-Parker A, Proppe A H, et al. Compositional and orientational control in metal halide perovskites of reduced dimensionality. Nat Mater, 2018, 17, 900 doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0154-x
[8]	Zheng G, Zhu C, Ma J, et al. Manipulation of facet orientation in hybrid perovskite polycrystalline films by cation cascade. Nat Commun, 2018, 9, 2793 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05076-w
[9]	Zhu C, Niu X, Fu Y, et al. Strain engineering in perovskite solar cells and its impacts on carrier dynamics. Nat Commun, 2019, 10, 815 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08507-4
[10]	Wang H, Zhu C, Liu L, et al. Interfacial residual stress relaxation in perovskite solar cells with improved stability. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1904408 doi: 10.1002/adma.201904408
[11]	Munir R, Sheikh A D, Abdelsamie M, et al. Hybrid perovskite thin-film photovoltaics: In situ diagnostics and importance of the precursor solvate phases. Adv Mater, 2017, 29, 1604113 doi: 10.1002/adma.201604113
[12]	Wang K, Tang M C, Dang H X, et al. Kinetic stabilization of the sol–gel state in perovskites enables facile processing of high-efficiency solar cells. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1808357 doi: 10.1002/adma.201808357
[13]	Dang H X, Wang K, Ghasemi M, et al. Multi-cation synergy suppresses phase segregation in mixed-halide perovskites. Joule, 2019, 3, 1746 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.05.016
[14]	Yang J, Siempelkamp B D, Liu D, et al. Investigation of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ degradation rates and mechanisms in controlled humidity environments using in situ techniques. ACS Nano, 2015, 9, 1955 doi: 10.1021/nn506864k
[15]	Fransishyn K M, Kundu S, Kelly T L. Elucidating the failure mechanisms of perovskite solar cells in humid environments using in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3, 2127 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01300