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J. Semicond. > 2020, Volume 41?>?Issue 4?> 041605

REVIEWS

Nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors

Dongyi Wang1, Lili Wang1, and Guozhen Shen2, 3,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Lili Wang, lili_wang@jlu.edu.cn; Guozhen Shen, gzshen@semi.ac.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/4/041605

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Abstract: Nanofibers/nanowires with one-dimension (1D) nanostructure or well-patterned microstructure have shown distinctly advantages in flexible and stretchable sensor fields, owing to their remarkable tolerance against mechanical bending or stretching, outstanding electronic/optoelectronic properties, good transparency, and excellent geometry. Herein, latest summaries in the unique structure and properties of nanofiber/nanowire function materials and their applications for flexible and stretchable sensor are highlighted. Several types of high-performance nanofiber/nanowire-based flexible pressure and stretchable sensors are also reviewed. Finally, a conclusion and prospect for 1D nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors are also intensively discussed. This summary offers new insights for the development of flexible and stretchable sensor based 1D nanostructure in next-generation flexible electronics.

Key words: flexible electronic, nanofibers/nanowires, one-dimension nanostructure, flexible and stretchable sensor



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Fig. 1.  (Color online) Schematic of nanofibers/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors.

Fig. 2.  (Color online) Graphical summaries of advantages of possible flexible and stretchable sensors application of 1D nanofibers/nanowires materials.

Fig. 3.  (Color online) (a) Illustration of the preparation and structure of the Au nanowires-based flexible pressure sensor. (b) Optical image of the Au nanowires-based flexible pressure sensor. Inset show the SEM image of Au nanowires (scale bar, 100 mm). (c) Optical image of device attached on the wrist. (d) pulse change records of device attached on the wrist. (e) Schematic illustration of the setup for acoustic vibration sensing. (f) The current responses to the acoustic vibrations from a piece of music. Reproduced from Ref. [70] with permission, Copyright 2014, Macmillan Publishers Limited. (g) Illustration of the preparation process of vertically arranged gold nanowires on microstructured PDMS films. (h) Schematic showing the sensor structure. (i) Response time and recovery time of vertically arranged gold nanowires-based flexible pressure sensor under both loading and unloading conditions. Reproduced from Ref. [71] with permission, Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 4.  (Color online) (a) Illustration of fabrication process of rGO/PVDF nanofibers-based flexible pressure sensor. (b) SEM image of rGO/PVDF nanofibers. (c) Illustration of a flexible pressure sensor structure. (d) Sensitivity of rGO/PVDF nanofibers-based flexible pressure sensor under different force conditions. (e) dynamic response curves of rGO/PVDF nanofibers-based flexible pressure sensor for different objects. (f, g) Response curves of rGO/PVDF nanofibers-based flexible pressure sensor attached on the wrist under different condition. Reproduced from Ref. [72] with permission, Copyright 2016, Elsevier B.V. (h, i) Structure and fabrication process of the PVR system. SEM image of the as-obtain (j) ZnO nanowire and (k) WO3 film array. Enlarged SEM images of (j1, j2) the ZnO nanowire before and after spin-coating the photoresist layer and (k1, k2) The WO3 film deposited on the ITO electrode. Reproduced from Ref. [74] with permission, Copyright 2017, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (l) Pressure response of the PTNWs/G-based sensors. (m) dynamic pressure-sensing curves of the PTNWs/G-based sensors. Reproduced from Ref. [75] with permission, Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 5.  (Color online) (a) Schematic structure and (b) high-magnification SEM image of the P(VDF-TrFE)-based conductive fiber. (c) Pulse and (d) spoke response curves of the P(VDF-TrFE)-based fibrous sensor. (e) A data glove fixed with ten-fiber strain sensors. Reproduced from Ref. [85] with permission, Copyright 2016, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (f) Illustration of preparation process and (g) optical image of Ag nanowires/PDMS-based sandwich-structured strain sensors. (h) Optical image of the Ag nanowires/PDMS-based strain sensor under bending and twisting. (i) optical images on top and cross-section of Ag nanowires/PDMS-based strain sensor. (j) Finger motion detection and (k) smart glove system by Ag nanowires/PDMS-based sandwich-structured strain sensors. Reproduced from Ref. [60] with permission, Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 6.  (Color online) (a) Illustration of fabrication process of SWCNT-based strain sensor. (b) Optical image of the SWCNT-based strain sensor under strain. (c) SEM image of SWCNT. (d) Stretchable wearable sensors on the human body. (e) Finger motion detection of stretchable wearable sensors. Reproduced from Ref. [87] with permission, Copyright 2011, Macmillan Publishers Limited. (f) Illustration of fabrication process of CNT-based strain sensor. (g) Optical images of the CNT-based strain sensor. (h) Top-view and (i) cross-section view SEM image of CNT materials. (j) Brushing test and (k) joystick movements of CNT-based strain sensors. Reproduced from Ref. [88] with permission, Copyright 2019, The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Table 1.   Summary of various 1D nanostructure materials based flexible and stretchable sensors.

MaterialStructureApplicationReference
Poly(VDF-TrFE)NanofiberPressure sensor[36]
Carbon nanofiberNanofiberStrain sensor[37]
SilkNanofiberPressure sensor[38]
Poly(l-lactic acid)NanofiberPressure sensor[39]
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofiber Pressure sensor [40]
Cu/Ni Nanofiber Pressure sensor [41]
GO/PVDF Nanofiber Pressure sensor [42]
Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Pressure sensor [43]
GO/PU Nanofiber Pressure sensor [44]
Strain sensor
Polyvinylidene fluoride/Ag Nanofiber Pressure sensor [45]
PDMS/Carbon Nanofiber Strain sensor [46]
PVDF/Graphene Nanofiber Pressure sensor [47]
ZnO/PVDF Nanofiber Pressure sensor [48]
SiO2/Graphene Nanofiber Strain sensor [49]
Carbon/Graphene Nanofiber Strain sensor [50]
PDMS ion gel /PVDF-HFP Nanofiber Pressure sensor [51]
Ag Nanowire Strain sensor [52]
ZnO Nanowire Pressure sensor [53]
ZnO/Graphene Nanowire Pressure sensor [54]
ZnO Nanowire Strain sensor [55]
GaN Nanowire Strain sensor [56]
Ag Nanowire Pressure sensor [57]
Gan/ZnO Nanowire Pressure sensor [58]
Cu Nanowire Pressure sensor [59]
Ag Nanowire Strain sensor [60]
PVA/PPy Nanowire Pressure sensor [61]
PMN-PT Nanowire Pressure sensor [62]
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[1]
Wang L L, Chen D, Jiang K, et al. New insights and perspectives into biological materials for flexible electronics. Chem Soc Rev, 2017, 46, 6764 doi: 10.1039/C7CS00278E
[2]
Zhao L, Wang K, Wei W, et al. High-performance flexible sensing devices based on polyaniline/MXene nanocomposites. InfoMat, 2019, 1, 407 doi: 10.1002/inf2.12032
[3]
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[4]
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[5]
Bao Z N, Chen X D. Flexible and stretchable device. Adv Mater, 2016, 28, 4177 doi: 10.1002/adma.201601422
[6]
Ye D, Ding Y, Duan Y, et al. Large-scale direct-writing of aligned nanofibers for flexible electronics. Small, 2018, 14, 1703521 doi: 10.1002/smll.201703521
[7]
Jin J H, Lee D, Im H G, et al. Chitin nanofiber transparent paper for flexible green electronics. Adv Mater, 2016, 28, 5169 doi: 10.1002/adma.201600336
[8]
Wang K, Wei W, Lou Z, et al. 1D/2D heterostructure nanofiber flexible sensing device with efficient gas detectivity. Appl Surf Sci, 2019, 479, 209 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.02.094
[9]
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    Received: 31 January 2020 Revised: 06 March 2020 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 14 March 2020Uncorrected proof: 16 March 2020Published: 10 April 2020

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      Dongyi Wang, Lili Wang, Guozhen Shen. Nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(4): 041605. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/4/041605 ****D Y Wang, L L Wang, G Z Shen, Nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors[J]. J. Semicond., 2020, 41(4): 041605. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/4/041605.
      Citation:
      Dongyi Wang, Lili Wang, Guozhen Shen. Nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(4): 041605. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/4/041605 ****
      D Y Wang, L L Wang, G Z Shen, Nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors[J]. J. Semicond., 2020, 41(4): 041605. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/4/041605.

      Nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/4/041605
      • 1.

        State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

      • 2.

        State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China

      • 3.

        Center of Materials Scienceand Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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