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J. Semicond. > 2016, Volume 37?>?Issue 10?> 105001

SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation

Hari Shanker Gupta1, , A S Kiran Kumar2, M. Shojaei Baghini1, Subhananda Chakrabarti1, Sanjeev Mehta2, Arup Roy Chowdhury2 and Dinesh K Sharma1

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Hari Shanker Gupta, Email: harishanker@ee.iitb.ac.in, harigupta1506@gmail.com

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001

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Abstract: Current mirror integration (CMI) read out integrated circuit (ROIC) topology provides a low input impedance to photo-detectors and provides large injection efficiency, large charge handling capacity and snapshot mode operation without in-pixel opamps. The ROIC described in this paper has been implemented with a modified current mirror circuit, with matched PMOS pairs for detector input stage and its biasing. The readout circuit has been designed for 30×30μm2 pixel size, 4×4 array size, variable frame rate, 5 Mega pixel per second (Mpps). Experimental performance of the test chip has achieved 15 Me charge handling capacity, a high dynamic range of 83 dB, 99.8% linearity and 99.96% injection efficiency. The ROIC design has been fabricated in 3.3 V 1P6M UMC 180 nm CMOS process and tested up to 5 MHz pixel rate at room and at cryogenic temperature.

Key words: pixel pitch, readout integrated circuit (ROIC), cryogenics, snapshot, FPA, IR detectors



[1]
?Ting D, Gunapala S D. Quantum well and quantum dot modeling for advanced infrared detectors and focal plane arrays. 2nd BEER International Workshop on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology Pasadena, California, 2006
[2]
Kulah H, Akin T. A current mirroring integration based readout circuit for high performance infrared FPA applications. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2003, 50(4): 181 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.807758
[3]
Vampola J L. The infrared and electro-optical systems handbook. International Society for Optical Engine (SPIE), Billingham, WA, USA, 1993
[4]
Wu R, Huijsing J H, Makinwa K A A. A 21 b ± 40 mV range read-out IC for bridge transducers. IEEE ISSCC, 2011: 22
[5]
Johnson J F, Lomheim T S. Focal-plane signal and noise model-CTIA ROIC. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 2009, 56(11): 2506 doi: 10.1109/TED.2009.2030646
[6]
Barve A, Lee S J, Noh S K, et al. Review of current progress in quantum dot infrared photodetectors. IEEE Laser Photon Rev, 2009: 1 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2079939143&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[7]
Sun T P, Li J H, Lu Y C. Readout circuit with dual switching mode design for infrared focal plane arrays. Infrared Physics Technology, 2014, 65: 9 doi: 10.1016/j.infrared.2014.03.003
[8]
Johnson J. Hybrid infrared focal plane signal and noise model. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 1999, 46: 96 doi: 10.1109/16.737447
[9]
Yoon N, Kim B, Lee H, et al. Design and implementation of infrared readout circuit using new input circuit of current mirroring direct injection (CMDI). Optoelectron Rev, 1999, 7: 321 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288556189_Design_and_implementation_of_infrared_readout_circuit_using_a_new_input_circuit_of_current_mirroring_direct_injection_CMDI
[10]
Kayahan H, Ergintav A, Ceylan O, et al. Realization of a ROIC for 72 × 4 PV-IR detectors. Proc SPIE, 2008, 6890: 68900F doi: 10.1117/12.765218
[11]
Ma Wenlong, Shi Yin, Zhang Yaohui, et al. A snap-shot mode cryogenic readout circuit for QWIP IR FPAs. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31: 025012 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/2/025012
[12]
Rogalski A. Infrared detectors. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2010
[13]
Kang S G, Woo D H, Lee H C. Multiple integration method for a high signal-to-noise ratio readout integrated circuit. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2005, 52: 553 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2005.848984
[14]
Hao Lichao, Ding Ruijun, Zhang Junling, et al. A high-performance readout circuit (ROIC) for VL WIR FPAs with novel current mode background suppression. 2012 International Conference on Measurement, Information and Control (MIC), 2012: 869 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2050866612&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[15]
Huang Z Q, Guo F M. Readout design for imagers with non-saturated integrating. 2014 International Conference on Information and Automation and Information, 2014: 1206 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2062868502&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
Fig. 1.  ROIC block diagram.

Fig. 2.  Basic interface of CMI unit cell.

Fig. 3.  Proposed current mirroring injection (CMI) unit cell.

Fig. 4.  Simulated value of integration capacitor for required charge handling capacity (1 V swing).

Fig. 5.  Pixel area distribution for unit cell design of ROIC.

Fig. 6.  ROIC timing requirements.

Fig. 7.  Integrated ROIC performance for different input current.

Fig. 8.  Noise performance of ROIC.

Fig. 9.  Buffer amplifier performance of ROIC.

Fig. 10.  Measured ROIC linearity at 2.0 kHz frame rate.

Fig. 11.  Noise performance of ROIC.

Fig. 12.  Saturation count of ROIC pixels.

Fig. 13.  Block diagram of measurement test setup.

Fig. 14.  Die photomicrograph view.

Table 1.   Black device performance comparison.
[1]
?Ting D, Gunapala S D. Quantum well and quantum dot modeling for advanced infrared detectors and focal plane arrays. 2nd BEER International Workshop on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology Pasadena, California, 2006
[2]
Kulah H, Akin T. A current mirroring integration based readout circuit for high performance infrared FPA applications. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2003, 50(4): 181 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.807758
[3]
Vampola J L. The infrared and electro-optical systems handbook. International Society for Optical Engine (SPIE), Billingham, WA, USA, 1993
[4]
Wu R, Huijsing J H, Makinwa K A A. A 21 b ± 40 mV range read-out IC for bridge transducers. IEEE ISSCC, 2011: 22
[5]
Johnson J F, Lomheim T S. Focal-plane signal and noise model-CTIA ROIC. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 2009, 56(11): 2506 doi: 10.1109/TED.2009.2030646
[6]
Barve A, Lee S J, Noh S K, et al. Review of current progress in quantum dot infrared photodetectors. IEEE Laser Photon Rev, 2009: 1 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2079939143&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[7]
Sun T P, Li J H, Lu Y C. Readout circuit with dual switching mode design for infrared focal plane arrays. Infrared Physics Technology, 2014, 65: 9 doi: 10.1016/j.infrared.2014.03.003
[8]
Johnson J. Hybrid infrared focal plane signal and noise model. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 1999, 46: 96 doi: 10.1109/16.737447
[9]
Yoon N, Kim B, Lee H, et al. Design and implementation of infrared readout circuit using new input circuit of current mirroring direct injection (CMDI). Optoelectron Rev, 1999, 7: 321 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288556189_Design_and_implementation_of_infrared_readout_circuit_using_a_new_input_circuit_of_current_mirroring_direct_injection_CMDI
[10]
Kayahan H, Ergintav A, Ceylan O, et al. Realization of a ROIC for 72 × 4 PV-IR detectors. Proc SPIE, 2008, 6890: 68900F doi: 10.1117/12.765218
[11]
Ma Wenlong, Shi Yin, Zhang Yaohui, et al. A snap-shot mode cryogenic readout circuit for QWIP IR FPAs. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31: 025012 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/2/025012
[12]
Rogalski A. Infrared detectors. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2010
[13]
Kang S G, Woo D H, Lee H C. Multiple integration method for a high signal-to-noise ratio readout integrated circuit. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2005, 52: 553 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2005.848984
[14]
Hao Lichao, Ding Ruijun, Zhang Junling, et al. A high-performance readout circuit (ROIC) for VL WIR FPAs with novel current mode background suppression. 2012 International Conference on Measurement, Information and Control (MIC), 2012: 869 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2050866612&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[15]
Huang Z Q, Guo F M. Readout design for imagers with non-saturated integrating. 2014 International Conference on Information and Automation and Information, 2014: 1206 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2062868502&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

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    Received: 20 January 2016 Revised: 18 May 2016 Online: Published: 01 October 2016

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      Hari Shanker Gupta, A S Kiran Kumar, M. Shojaei Baghini, Subhananda Chakrabarti, Sanjeev Mehta, Arup Roy Chowdhury, Dinesh K Sharma. Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2016, 37(10): 105001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001 ****H S Gupta, A S K Kumar, M. S. Baghini, S. Chakrabarti, S Mehta, A R Chowdhury, D K Sharma. Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation[J]. J. Semicond., 2016, 37(10): 105001. doi:? 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001.
      Citation:
      Hari Shanker Gupta, A S Kiran Kumar, M. Shojaei Baghini, Subhananda Chakrabarti, Sanjeev Mehta, Arup Roy Chowdhury, Dinesh K Sharma. Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2016, 37(10): 105001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001 ****
      H S Gupta, A S K Kumar, M. S. Baghini, S. Chakrabarti, S Mehta, A R Chowdhury, D K Sharma. Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation[J]. J. Semicond., 2016, 37(10): 105001. doi:? 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001.

      Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001
      • 1.

        Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India

      • 2.

        Space Applications Centre, Jodhpur Tekra, Ahmedabad, India

      More Information
      • Corresponding author: Hari Shanker Gupta, Email: harishanker@ee.iitb.ac.in, harigupta1506@gmail.com
      • Received Date: 2016-01-20
      • Revised Date: 2016-05-18
      • Published Date: 2016-10-01

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