Renaissance of tin halide perovskite solar cells

Shurong Wang; Aili Wang; Feng Hao; Liming Ding

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030201

J. Semicond. > 2021, Volume 42?>?Issue 3?> 030201

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Renaissance of tin halide perovskite solar cells

Shurong Wang¹, Aili Wang¹, Feng Hao^1, and Liming Ding^2,

+ Author Affiliations

1. School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
2. Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

Author Bio:

Shurong Wang received her B.S. degree in Chemistry (2017) and M.E. degree (2020) at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. under the supervision of Professor Feng Hao at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Her current work focuses on lead-free perovskite solar cells.

Aili Wang received her M.S. in Materials Science and Engineering (2018) in South China Normal University. She is currently a Ph.D. student in Professor Feng Hao’s group at School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Her current research focuses on all-inorganic and lead-free perovskite solar cells.

Feng Hao received his Ph.D. degree from Tsinghua University in 2012. Then he moved to Northwestern University as a postdoc for four years in the Department of Chemistry. He is now a full professor at the School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research focuses on perovskite solar cells and photonic materials.

Liming Ding got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Ingan?s Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on functional materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editors for Science Bulletin and Journal of Semiconductors.

Corresponding author: Feng Hao, haofeng@uestc.edu.cn; Liming Ding, ding@nanoctr.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030201

References

[1]	Best Research-Cell Efficiencies. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (accessed Dec. 2020)
[2]	Hao F, Stoumpos C C, Cao D H, et al. Lead-free solid-state organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells. Nat Photonics, 2014, 8, 489 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2014.82
[3]	Hao F, Stoumpos C C, Guo P, et al. Solvent-mediated crystallization of CH₃NH₃SnI₃ films for heterojunction depleted perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137, 11445 doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b06658
[4]	Tong J, Song Z, Kim D H, et al. Carrier lifetimes of > 1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Science, 2019, 364, 475 doi: 10.1126/science.aav7911
[5]	Gupta S, Cahen D, Hodes G. How SnF₂ impacts the material properties of lead-free tin perovskites. J Phys Chem C, 2018, 122, 13926 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01045
[6]	Ricciarelli D, Meggiolaro D, Ambrosio F, et al. Instability of tin iodide perovskites: bulk p-doping versus surface tin oxidation. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5, 2787 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01174
[7]	Li W, Li J, Li J, et al. Addictive-assisted construction of all-inorganic CsSnIBr₂ mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with superior thermal stability up to 473 K. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4, 17104 doi: 10.1039/C6TA08332C
[8]	Nakamura T, Yakumaru S, Truong M A, et al. Sn(IV)-free tin perovskite films realized by in situ Sn(0) nanoparticle treatment of the precursor solution. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 3008 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16726-3
[9]	Song T B, Yokoyama T, Stoumpos C C, et al. Importance of reducing vapor atmosphere in the fabrication of tin-based perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 2, 836 doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b10734
[10]	Wang C, Gu F, Zhao Z, et al. Self-repairing tin-based perovskite solar cells with a breakthrough efficiency over 11%. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 1907623 doi: 10.1002/adma.201907623
[11]	Wang C, Zhang Y, Gu F, et al. Illumination durability and high-efficiency Sn-based perovskite solar cell under coordinated control of phenylhydrazine and halogen ions. Matter, 2021, 4, 709 doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.11.012
[12]	Meng X, Wang Y, Lin J, et al. Surface-controlled oriented growth of FASnI₃ crystals for efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2020, 4, 902 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.03.007
[13]	Jiang X, Wang F, Wei Q, et al. Ultra-high open-circuit voltage of tin perovskite solar cells via an electron transporting layer design. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 1245 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15078-2
[14]	Liu X, Wu T, Chen J, et al. Templated growth of FASnI₃ crystals for efficient tin perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 13, 2896 doi: 10.1039/D0EE01845G
[15]	Jokar E, Chien C H, Tsai C M, et al. Robust tin-based perovskite solar cells with hybrid organic cations to attain efficiency approaching 10%. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1804835 doi: 10.1002/adma.201804835
[16]	Jokar E, Chien C H, Fathi A, et al. Slow surface passivation and crystal relaxation with additives to improve device performance and durability for tin-based perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2018, 11, 2353 doi: 10.1039/C8EE00956B
[17]	Nishimura K, Hirotani D, Kamarudin M A, et al. Relationship between lattice strain and efficiency for Sn-perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11, 31105 doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b09564
[18]	Liu X, Wang Y, Wu T, et al. Efficient and stable tin perovskite solar cells enabled by amorphous-polycrystalline structure. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 2678 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16561-6
[19]	Ji L, Liu D, Wang Y, et al. Large organic cation incorporation induces vertical orientation growth of Sn-based perovskites for high efficiency solar cells. Chem Eng J, 2020, 402, 125133 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125133
[20]	Shao S, Dong J, Duim H, et al. Enhancing the crystallinity and perfecting the orientation of formamidinium tin iodide for highly efficient Sn-based perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2019, 60, 810 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.04.040
[21]	Nishimura K, Kamarudin M A, Hirotani D, et al. Lead-free tin-halide perovskite solar cells with 13% efficiency. Nano Energy, 2020, 74, 104858 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104858
[22]	Basera P, Kumar M, Saini S, et al. Reducing lead toxicity in the methylammonium lead halide MAPbI₃: Why Sn substitution should be preferred to Pb vacancy for optimum solar cell efficiency. Phys Rev B, 2020, 101, 054108 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.054108

Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Representative PCE and V_oc for Sn-based PSCs in 2020. Labels in the bar chart indicate perovskite components and additives (ICBA as ETL). (b) Defect formation energy diagram for bulk Sn(IV) defects in MASnI₃ perovskites. (c) Schematic illustration of Sn²⁺ oxidation to Sn⁴⁺. Bulk Sn⁴⁺ transforms to Sn²⁺, releasing two holes to the valence band (VB) and p-doping the perovskite, while surface Sn⁴⁺ acts as a deep electron trap. Reproduced with permission^[6], Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. (d) Schematic illustration of the Sn⁴⁺-scavenging method with TM-DHP. Reproduced with permission^[8], Copyright 2020, Springer Nature. (e) Fabrication and crystallization of Sn-based films with PAI treatment. Reproduced with permission^[14], Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. (f) The diagram for recombination at perovskite-ETL interface. (g) J–V curves for Sn-based devices with ICBA or PC₆₁BM as ETL. Reproduced with permission^[13], Copyright 2020, Springer Nature. (h) J–V curves for Sn-based devices with PhNHNH₃Cl treatment. Reproduced with permission^[11], Copyright 2020, Elsevier.

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[1]	Best Research-Cell Efficiencies. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (accessed Dec. 2020)
[2]	Hao F, Stoumpos C C, Cao D H, et al. Lead-free solid-state organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells. Nat Photonics, 2014, 8, 489 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2014.82
[3]	Hao F, Stoumpos C C, Guo P, et al. Solvent-mediated crystallization of CH₃NH₃SnI₃ films for heterojunction depleted perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137, 11445 doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b06658
[4]	Tong J, Song Z, Kim D H, et al. Carrier lifetimes of > 1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Science, 2019, 364, 475 doi: 10.1126/science.aav7911
[5]	Gupta S, Cahen D, Hodes G. How SnF₂ impacts the material properties of lead-free tin perovskites. J Phys Chem C, 2018, 122, 13926 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01045
[6]	Ricciarelli D, Meggiolaro D, Ambrosio F, et al. Instability of tin iodide perovskites: bulk p-doping versus surface tin oxidation. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5, 2787 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01174
[7]	Li W, Li J, Li J, et al. Addictive-assisted construction of all-inorganic CsSnIBr₂ mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with superior thermal stability up to 473 K. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4, 17104 doi: 10.1039/C6TA08332C
[8]	Nakamura T, Yakumaru S, Truong M A, et al. Sn(IV)-free tin perovskite films realized by in situ Sn(0) nanoparticle treatment of the precursor solution. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 3008 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16726-3
[9]	Song T B, Yokoyama T, Stoumpos C C, et al. Importance of reducing vapor atmosphere in the fabrication of tin-based perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 2, 836 doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b10734
[10]	Wang C, Gu F, Zhao Z, et al. Self-repairing tin-based perovskite solar cells with a breakthrough efficiency over 11%. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 1907623 doi: 10.1002/adma.201907623
[11]	Wang C, Zhang Y, Gu F, et al. Illumination durability and high-efficiency Sn-based perovskite solar cell under coordinated control of phenylhydrazine and halogen ions. Matter, 2021, 4, 709 doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.11.012
[12]	Meng X, Wang Y, Lin J, et al. Surface-controlled oriented growth of FASnI₃ crystals for efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2020, 4, 902 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.03.007
[13]	Jiang X, Wang F, Wei Q, et al. Ultra-high open-circuit voltage of tin perovskite solar cells via an electron transporting layer design. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 1245 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15078-2
[14]	Liu X, Wu T, Chen J, et al. Templated growth of FASnI₃ crystals for efficient tin perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 13, 2896 doi: 10.1039/D0EE01845G
[15]	Jokar E, Chien C H, Tsai C M, et al. Robust tin-based perovskite solar cells with hybrid organic cations to attain efficiency approaching 10%. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1804835 doi: 10.1002/adma.201804835
[16]	Jokar E, Chien C H, Fathi A, et al. Slow surface passivation and crystal relaxation with additives to improve device performance and durability for tin-based perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ Sci, 2018, 11, 2353 doi: 10.1039/C8EE00956B
[17]	Nishimura K, Hirotani D, Kamarudin M A, et al. Relationship between lattice strain and efficiency for Sn-perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11, 31105 doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b09564
[18]	Liu X, Wang Y, Wu T, et al. Efficient and stable tin perovskite solar cells enabled by amorphous-polycrystalline structure. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 2678 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16561-6
[19]	Ji L, Liu D, Wang Y, et al. Large organic cation incorporation induces vertical orientation growth of Sn-based perovskites for high efficiency solar cells. Chem Eng J, 2020, 402, 125133 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125133
[20]	Shao S, Dong J, Duim H, et al. Enhancing the crystallinity and perfecting the orientation of formamidinium tin iodide for highly efficient Sn-based perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2019, 60, 810 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.04.040
[21]	Nishimura K, Kamarudin M A, Hirotani D, et al. Lead-free tin-halide perovskite solar cells with 13% efficiency. Nano Energy, 2020, 74, 104858 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104858
[22]	Basera P, Kumar M, Saini S, et al. Reducing lead toxicity in the methylammonium lead halide MAPbI₃: Why Sn substitution should be preferred to Pb vacancy for optimum solar cell efficiency. Phys Rev B, 2020, 101, 054108 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.054108