J. Semicond. > 2019, Volume 40?>?Issue 5?> 050301

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Precision photonic integration for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits

Xiangfei Chen

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DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/5/050301

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Abstract: Since the proposal of the concept of photonic integrated circuits (PICs), tremendous progress has been made. In 2005, Infinera Corp. rolled out the first commercial PICs, in which hundreds of optical functions were integrated onto a small form factor chip for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems[1], then a monolithically integrated 10 × 10 Gb/s WDM chip has been demonstrated, the channel number is ten[2]. Like ICs, large-scale PICs (LS-PICs) will be sure to be pursued. However, there are still some general challenges associated with LS-PICs. The challenges for III–V (mainly InP) PICs is the semiconductor process, which is not mature for LS-PICs. Up to now, the channel number in commercial III–V WDM PICs by Infinera is still about ten or less. For silicon photonics, the challenge is the silicon based light source. The low cost and mature solution for silicon lasers is still unavailable and only 4 × 25 Gb/s PICs are deployed by Intel Corp. after 18-year R&D investment. Thus it is still unavailable for practical LS-PICs in the present times.



[1]
Nagarajan R, Joyner C H, Schneider R P, et al. Large-scale photonic integrated circuits. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2005, 11(1): 50 doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.841721
[2]
Welch D F, Kish F A, Nagarajan R, et al. The realization of large-scale photonic integrated circuits and the associated impact on fiber-optic communication systems. Journal of lightwave technology, 2006, 24(12): 4674 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2006.885769
[3]
Koch T L, Koren U. Semiconductor photonic integrated circuits. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1991, 27(3): 641 doi: 10.1109/3.81373
[4]
Lee T P, Zah C E, Bhat R, et al. Multiwavelength DFB laser array transmitters for ONTC reconfigurable optical network testbed. Journal of lightwave technology, 1996, 14(6): 967 doi: 10.1109/50.511596
[5]
Zanola M, Strain M J, Giuliani G, et al. Post-growth fabrication of multiple wavelength DFB laser arrays with precise wavelength spacing. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(12): 1063 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2012.2195164
[6]
Chew S X, Yi X, Song S, et al. Silicon-on-insulator dual-ring notch filter for optical sideband suppression and spectral characterization. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2016, 34(20): 4705 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2016.2598153
[7]
Dai Y, Chen X. DFB semiconductor lasers based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technology. Optics express, 2007, 15(5): 2348 doi: 10.1364/OE.15.002348
[8]
Li J, Wang H, Chen X, et al. Experimental demonstration of distributed feedback semiconductor lasers based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technology. Optics express, 2009, 17(7): 5240- doi: 10.1364/OE.17.005240
[9]
Shi Y, Chen X, Zhou Y, et al. Experimental demonstration of eight-wavelength distributed feedback semiconductor laser array using equivalent phase shift. Optics letters, 2012, 37(16): 3315 doi: 10.1364/OL.37.003315
[10]
Shi Y, Li S, Li L, et al. Study of the multiwavelength DFB semiconductor laser array based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technique. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2013, 31(20): 3243 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2013.2280715
[11]
Onji H, Takeuchi S, Tatsumoto Y, et al. 35 ns Wavelength Switching with +/-1 GHz Wavelength Accuracy using Tunable Distributed Amplification (TDA-) DFB Lasers. Advanced Photonics for Communications, OSA Technical Digest (online), Optical Society of America, 2014: PW4B.3 doi: 10.1364/PS.2014.PW4B.3
[12]
Billah M R, Blaicher M, Hoose T, et al. Hybrid integration of silicon photonics circuits and InP lasers by photonic wire bonding. Optica, 2018, 5(7): 876 doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.5.000876
Fig. 1.  (Color online) (a) Frequency count of wavelength residual (871 lasers) and (b) measured lasing spectra of one 60-channel array.

Fig. 2.  (Color online) Schematic of an M × N DFB laser matrix with high speed switching driver circuit.

Fig. 3.  (Color online) Schematic of an LS-PICs based on the combination of LS precision REC laser arrays and PWB.

[1]
Nagarajan R, Joyner C H, Schneider R P, et al. Large-scale photonic integrated circuits. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2005, 11(1): 50 doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.841721
[2]
Welch D F, Kish F A, Nagarajan R, et al. The realization of large-scale photonic integrated circuits and the associated impact on fiber-optic communication systems. Journal of lightwave technology, 2006, 24(12): 4674 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2006.885769
[3]
Koch T L, Koren U. Semiconductor photonic integrated circuits. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1991, 27(3): 641 doi: 10.1109/3.81373
[4]
Lee T P, Zah C E, Bhat R, et al. Multiwavelength DFB laser array transmitters for ONTC reconfigurable optical network testbed. Journal of lightwave technology, 1996, 14(6): 967 doi: 10.1109/50.511596
[5]
Zanola M, Strain M J, Giuliani G, et al. Post-growth fabrication of multiple wavelength DFB laser arrays with precise wavelength spacing. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(12): 1063 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2012.2195164
[6]
Chew S X, Yi X, Song S, et al. Silicon-on-insulator dual-ring notch filter for optical sideband suppression and spectral characterization. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2016, 34(20): 4705 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2016.2598153
[7]
Dai Y, Chen X. DFB semiconductor lasers based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technology. Optics express, 2007, 15(5): 2348 doi: 10.1364/OE.15.002348
[8]
Li J, Wang H, Chen X, et al. Experimental demonstration of distributed feedback semiconductor lasers based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technology. Optics express, 2009, 17(7): 5240- doi: 10.1364/OE.17.005240
[9]
Shi Y, Chen X, Zhou Y, et al. Experimental demonstration of eight-wavelength distributed feedback semiconductor laser array using equivalent phase shift. Optics letters, 2012, 37(16): 3315 doi: 10.1364/OL.37.003315
[10]
Shi Y, Li S, Li L, et al. Study of the multiwavelength DFB semiconductor laser array based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technique. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2013, 31(20): 3243 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2013.2280715
[11]
Onji H, Takeuchi S, Tatsumoto Y, et al. 35 ns Wavelength Switching with +/-1 GHz Wavelength Accuracy using Tunable Distributed Amplification (TDA-) DFB Lasers. Advanced Photonics for Communications, OSA Technical Digest (online), Optical Society of America, 2014: PW4B.3 doi: 10.1364/PS.2014.PW4B.3
[12]
Billah M R, Blaicher M, Hoose T, et al. Hybrid integration of silicon photonics circuits and InP lasers by photonic wire bonding. Optica, 2018, 5(7): 876 doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.5.000876

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    Received: Revised: Online: Accepted Manuscript: 02 April 2019Uncorrected proof: 09 April 2019Published: 08 May 2019

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      Xiangfei Chen. Precision photonic integration for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2019, 40(5): 050301. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/5/050301 ****X F Chen, Precision photonic integration for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits[J]. J. Semicond., 2019, 40(5): 050301. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/5/050301.
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      Xiangfei Chen. Precision photonic integration for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2019, 40(5): 050301. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/5/050301 ****
      X F Chen, Precision photonic integration for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits[J]. J. Semicond., 2019, 40(5): 050301. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/5/050301.

      Precision photonic integration for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/5/050301

      • College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

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      • Xiangfei Chen received the Ph.D. degree in physics from Nanjing University, Nanjing, China in 1996. From 1996 to 2000, he was a faculty member with the Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunication Technology. From 2000 to 2006, he has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, as an associate Professor. Currently he is a professor in College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University. Now his research has focused on the photonic integrated circuits, microwave photonics and fiber-optic sensors. Prof. Chen is a senior member of IEEE
      • Published Date: 2019-05-01

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